Notes Library
Notes Library
Detailed notes open in the reader (dark/light, font size, bookmark, mark-complete). Comprehensive unit notes and quick revision notes live on each syllabus unit page; premium chapters open with a free preview. All notes are original study content written for the UGC NET syllabus.
Showing 903 of 903 notes and chapters. Free notes open fully. Premium chapters show a free preview; the full chapter needs a premium plan — premium packs are on sale (checkout works in test mode), while detailed notes and unit/topic tests stay free during launch and full mocks are 3 free a month.
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 1: Teaching Aptitude
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Teaching Aptitude — Complete Detailed Note
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1
Detailed note · ~35 min read · Free
Read note →Learner characteristics
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1 · Learner characteristics
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Open chapter →Methods of teaching
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1 · Methods of teaching
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Open chapter →Qualities of a good teacher
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1 · Qualities of a good teacher
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Open chapter →Teaching aids & evaluation
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1 · Teaching aids & evaluation
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Open chapter →Teaching: concept, objectives, levels
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1 · Teaching: concept, objectives, levels
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 1: Teaching Aptitude
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 1
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 2: Research Aptitude
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 2
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →ICT in research
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 2 · ICT in research
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Open chapter →Research ethics & plagiarism
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 2 · Research ethics & plagiarism
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Open chapter →Research: meaning, types, steps
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 2 · Research: meaning, types, steps
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Open chapter →Thesis & article writing
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 2 · Thesis & article writing
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 2: Research Aptitude
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 2
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 3: Comprehension
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 3
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Reading comprehension passages
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 3 · Reading comprehension passages
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 3: Comprehension
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 3
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 4: Communication
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 4
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Classroom communication
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 4 · Classroom communication
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Open chapter →Communication process & barriers
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 4 · Communication process & barriers
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 4: Communication
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 4
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 5: Mathematical Reasoning & Aptitude
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 5
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Fractions, decimals, time-work
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 5 · Fractions, decimals, time-work
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Open chapter →Number & letter series
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 5 · Number & letter series
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Open chapter →Percentages, ratio, profit-loss
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 5 · Percentages, ratio, profit-loss
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 5: Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 5
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 6: Logical Reasoning
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 6
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Fallacies
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 6 · Fallacies
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Open chapter →Indian logic: pramanas
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 6 · Indian logic: pramanas
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Open chapter →Syllogism & statements
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 6 · Syllogism & statements
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 6: Logical Reasoning
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 6
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 7: Data Interpretation
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 7
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Data sufficiency
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 7 · Data sufficiency
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Open chapter →Tables, bar & pie charts
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 7 · Tables, bar & pie charts
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 7: Data Interpretation
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 7
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 8: Information & Communication Technology
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 8
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Digital initiatives in higher education
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 8 · Digital initiatives in higher education
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Open chapter →ICT basics & internet
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 8 · ICT basics & internet
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 8: Information and Communication Technology
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 8
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 9: People, Development & Environment
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 9
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Environment & sustainable development
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 9 · Environment & sustainable development
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Open chapter →Human development & MDGs/SDGs
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 9 · Human development & MDGs/SDGs
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 9: People, Development and Environment
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 9
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 10: Higher Education System
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 10
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Governance & funding
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 10 · Governance & funding
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Open chapter →Higher education in India
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 10 · Higher education in India
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Open chapter →Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) Unit 10: Higher Education System
Teaching & Research Aptitude (Paper 1) · Unit 10
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 1: Discrete Structures & Optimisation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 1
Comprehensive unit note · ~20 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Combinatorics & probability
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 1 · Combinatorics & probability
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Open chapter →Graphs & trees
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 1 · Graphs & trees
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Open chapter →Linear programming & optimisation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 1 · Linear programming & optimisation
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Open chapter →Sets, relations, logic & proof
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 1 · Sets, relations, logic & proof
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 1: Discrete Structures and Optimisation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 1
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 2: Computer System Architecture
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 2
Comprehensive unit note · ~19 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →CPU, memory & I/O organisation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 2 · CPU, memory & I/O organisation
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Open chapter →Digital logic & number systems
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 2 · Digital logic & number systems
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Open chapter →Instruction formats & RISC/CISC
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 2 · Instruction formats & RISC/CISC
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 2: Computer System Architecture
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 2
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 3: Programming Languages & Computer Graphics
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 3
Comprehensive unit note · ~22 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Computer graphics basics
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 3 · Computer graphics basics
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Open chapter →OOP concepts
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 3 · OOP concepts
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Open chapter →Programming paradigms & scope
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 3 · Programming paradigms & scope
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 3: Programming Languages and Computer Graphics
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 3
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 4: Database Management Systems
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4
Comprehensive unit note · ~22 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Database Management Systems — Complete Detailed Note
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4
Detailed note · ~45 min read · Free
Read note →ER model & relational algebra
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4 · ER model & relational algebra
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Open chapter →SQL & normalisation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4 · SQL & normalisation
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Open chapter →Transactions & concurrency
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4 · Transactions & concurrency
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 4: Database Management Systems
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →DBMS — Normalisation in Simple Language
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 4
Sample note (short) · ~8 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 5: System Software & Operating Systems
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 5
Comprehensive unit note · ~20 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Deadlock, file systems & I/O
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 5 · Deadlock, file systems & I/O
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Open chapter →Memory management & virtual memory
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 5 · Memory management & virtual memory
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Open chapter →Processes, threads & scheduling
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 5 · Processes, threads & scheduling
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 5: System Software and Operating Systems
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 5
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →OS — Paging & Page Replacement
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 5
Sample note (short) · ~7 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 6: Software Engineering
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 6
Comprehensive unit note · ~21 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Estimation & project management
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 6 · Estimation & project management
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Open chapter →SDLC models
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 6 · SDLC models
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Open chapter →Testing & quality
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 6 · Testing & quality
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 6: Software Engineering
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 6
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 7: Data Structures & Algorithms
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 7
Comprehensive unit note · ~23 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 7 · Arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists
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Open chapter →Sorting, searching & complexity
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 7 · Sorting, searching & complexity
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Open chapter →Trees, heaps, graphs & traversal
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 7 · Trees, heaps, graphs & traversal
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 7: Data Structures and Algorithms
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 7
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 8: Theory of Computation & Compilers
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 8
Comprehensive unit note · ~20 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Automata: DFA, NFA, PDA, TM
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 8 · Automata: DFA, NFA, PDA, TM
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Open chapter →Compilers: parsing & code generation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 8 · Compilers: parsing & code generation
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 8: Theory of Computation and Compilers
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 8
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 9: Data Communication & Computer Networks
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 9
Comprehensive unit note · ~22 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Network security basics
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 9 · Network security basics
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Open chapter →OSI & TCP/IP models
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 9 · OSI & TCP/IP models
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Open chapter →Routing, switching & protocols
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 9 · Routing, switching & protocols
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 9: Data Communication and Computer Networks
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 9
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 10: Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 10
Comprehensive unit note · ~23 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →AI search & knowledge representation
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 10 · AI search & knowledge representation
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Open chapter →Machine learning basics
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 10 · Machine learning basics
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Open chapter →NLP & expert systems
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 10 · NLP & expert systems
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Open chapter →Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) Unit 10: Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science & Applications (Paper 2) · Unit 10
Quick revision note · ~1 min read · Free
Read note →Commerce Unit 1: Business Environment and International Business
Commerce · Unit 1
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Business environment: concepts and elements
Commerce · Unit 1 · Business environment: concepts and elements
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Open chapter →FDI, FPI and balance of payments
Commerce · Unit 1 · FDI, FPI and balance of payments
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Open chapter →International business: scope, globalisation, entry modes
Commerce · Unit 1 · International business: scope, globalisation, entry modes
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Open chapter →Regional integration and international institutions
Commerce · Unit 1 · Regional integration and international institutions
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 2: Accounting and Auditing
Commerce · Unit 2
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Auditing and recent trends
Commerce · Unit 2 · Auditing and recent trends
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Open chapter →Basic accounting principles and partnership accounts
Commerce · Unit 2 · Basic accounting principles and partnership accounts
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Open chapter →Corporate accounting
Commerce · Unit 2 · Corporate accounting
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Open chapter →Cost and management accounting
Commerce · Unit 2 · Cost and management accounting
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Open chapter →Financial statement analysis and standards
Commerce · Unit 2 · Financial statement analysis and standards
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 3: Business Economics
Commerce · Unit 3
Comprehensive unit note · ~16 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Demand analysis and consumer behaviour
Commerce · Unit 3 · Demand analysis and consumer behaviour
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Open chapter →Market forms and pricing strategies
Commerce · Unit 3 · Market forms and pricing strategies
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Open chapter →Meaning, scope and objectives of the firm
Commerce · Unit 3 · Meaning, scope and objectives of the firm
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Open chapter →Production and cost theories
Commerce · Unit 3 · Production and cost theories
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 4: Business Finance
Commerce · Unit 4
Comprehensive unit note · ~14 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Capital budgeting, working capital and dividend decisions
Commerce · Unit 4 · Capital budgeting, working capital and dividend decisions
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Open chapter →International finance
Commerce · Unit 4 · International finance
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Open chapter →Sources of finance, cost of capital, capital structure
Commerce · Unit 4 · Sources of finance, cost of capital, capital structure
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 5: Business Statistics and Research Methods
Commerce · Unit 5
Comprehensive unit note · ~15 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Central tendency, dispersion, skewness, correlation
Commerce · Unit 5 · Central tendency, dispersion, skewness, correlation
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Open chapter →Hypothesis testing and report writing
Commerce · Unit 5 · Hypothesis testing and report writing
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Open chapter →Probability and probability distributions
Commerce · Unit 5 · Probability and probability distributions
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Open chapter →Research, data and sampling
Commerce · Unit 5 · Research, data and sampling
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 6: Business Management and Human Resource Management
Commerce · Unit 6
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Compensation and performance appraisal
Commerce · Unit 6 · Compensation and performance appraisal
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Open chapter →Human resource management
Commerce · Unit 6 · Human resource management
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Open chapter →Motivation, leadership, governance and ethics
Commerce · Unit 6 · Motivation, leadership, governance and ethics
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Open chapter →Organisational behaviour and change
Commerce · Unit 6 · Organisational behaviour and change
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Open chapter →Principles and functions of management
Commerce · Unit 6 · Principles and functions of management
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 7: Banking and Financial Institutions
Commerce · Unit 7
Comprehensive unit note · ~15 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Banking sector reforms
Commerce · Unit 7 · Banking sector reforms
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Open chapter →Digitisation of banking and insurance
Commerce · Unit 7 · Digitisation of banking and insurance
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Open chapter →Financial markets, institutions and regulators
Commerce · Unit 7 · Financial markets, institutions and regulators
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Open chapter →Indian financial system and RBI
Commerce · Unit 7 · Indian financial system and RBI
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 8: Marketing Management
Commerce · Unit 8
Comprehensive unit note · ~16 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Consumer behaviour, services, trends and logistics
Commerce · Unit 8 · Consumer behaviour, services, trends and logistics
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Open chapter →Marketing concepts, mix and planning
Commerce · Unit 8 · Marketing concepts, mix and planning
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Open chapter →Product and pricing decisions
Commerce · Unit 8 · Product and pricing decisions
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Open chapter →Promotion and distribution decisions
Commerce · Unit 8 · Promotion and distribution decisions
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business
Commerce · Unit 9
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Companies Act, LLP and Competition Act
Commerce · Unit 9 · Companies Act, LLP and Competition Act
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Open chapter →Indian Contract Act, 1872
Commerce · Unit 9 · Indian Contract Act, 1872
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Open chapter →IT Act, RTI Act, IPRs and GST
Commerce · Unit 9 · IT Act, RTI Act, IPRs and GST
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Open chapter →Sale of Goods Act and Negotiable Instruments Act
Commerce · Unit 9 · Sale of Goods Act and Negotiable Instruments Act
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Open chapter →Commerce Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning
Commerce · Unit 10
Comprehensive unit note · ~16 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Corporate tax planning
Commerce · Unit 10 · Corporate tax planning
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Open chapter →Income-tax: basics and computation
Commerce · Unit 10 · Income-tax: basics and computation
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Open chapter →International taxation
Commerce · Unit 10 · International taxation
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Open chapter →TDS, advance tax and filing
Commerce · Unit 10 · TDS, advance tax and filing
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Open chapter →Management Unit 1: Business Management and Managerial Economics
Management · Unit 1
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Functions, communication, decisions, structure
Management · Unit 1 · Functions, communication, decisions, structure
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Open chapter →Management: concept, process, theories, roles
Management · Unit 1 · Management: concept, process, theories, roles
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Open chapter →Managerial economics and demand analysis
Management · Unit 1 · Managerial economics and demand analysis
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Open chapter →National income, inflation, ethics and governance
Management · Unit 1 · National income, inflation, ethics and governance
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Open chapter →Management Unit 2: Organisational Behaviour
Management · Unit 2
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Culture, diversity, emotions and justice
Management · Unit 2 · Culture, diversity, emotions and justice
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Open chapter →Group behaviour and interpersonal behaviour
Management · Unit 2 · Group behaviour and interpersonal behaviour
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Open chapter →Human resource management foundations
Management · Unit 2 · Human resource management foundations
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Open chapter →Individual behaviour
Management · Unit 2 · Individual behaviour
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Open chapter →Organisational behaviour: significance and theories
Management · Unit 2 · Organisational behaviour: significance and theories
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Open chapter →Management Unit 3: Human Resource Management
Management · Unit 3
Comprehensive unit note · ~18 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Career planning, performance and OD
Management · Unit 3 · Career planning, performance and OD
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Open chapter →Industrial relations and trade unions
Management · Unit 3 · Industrial relations and trade unions
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Open chapter →International HRM and green HRM
Management · Unit 3 · International HRM and green HRM
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Open chapter →Strategic HRM and competency mapping
Management · Unit 3 · Strategic HRM and competency mapping
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Open chapter →Talent management and employee engagement
Management · Unit 3 · Talent management and employee engagement
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Open chapter →Management Unit 4: Managerial Accounting
Management · Unit 4
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Accounting principles and financial statements
Management · Unit 4 · Accounting principles and financial statements
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Open chapter →Budgeting and leverages
Management · Unit 4 · Budgeting and leverages
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Open chapter →Cost sheet, marginal costing and CVP
Management · Unit 4 · Cost sheet, marginal costing and CVP
Premium chapter · ~14 min read · Premium · 4 practice questions
Open chapter →Financial management and capital structure
Management · Unit 4 · Financial management and capital structure
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Open chapter →Financial statement analysis
Management · Unit 4 · Financial statement analysis
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Open chapter →Standard costing and variance analysis
Management · Unit 4 · Standard costing and variance analysis
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Open chapter →Management Unit 5: Financial Management
Management · Unit 5
Comprehensive unit note · ~17 min read · Free · 20 practice questions
Read note →Capital budgeting and risk analysis
Management · Unit 5 · Capital budgeting and risk analysis
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Open chapter →Dividend, mergers and acquisitions
Management · Unit 5 · Dividend, mergers and acquisitions
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Open chapter →Portfolio management and derivatives
Management · Unit 5 · Portfolio management and derivatives
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Open chapter →Value and returns
Management · Unit 5 · Value and returns
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Open chapter →Working capital and international financial management
Management · Unit 5 · Working capital and international financial management
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Open chapter →Management Unit 6: Strategic Management
Management · Unit 6
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Read note →Strategic analysis
Management · Unit 6 · Strategic analysis
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Open chapter →Strategic management: concept, process, decisions
Management · Unit 6 · Strategic management: concept, process, decisions
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Open chapter →Strategy formulation
Management · Unit 6 · Strategy formulation
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Open chapter →Strategy implementation
Management · Unit 6 · Strategy implementation
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Open chapter →Management Unit 7: Marketing Management
Management · Unit 7
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Read note →Brand management
Management · Unit 7 · Brand management
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Open chapter →Consumer and industrial buying behaviour
Management · Unit 7 · Consumer and industrial buying behaviour
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Open chapter →Emerging trends and international marketing
Management · Unit 7 · Emerging trends and international marketing
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Open chapter →Logistics, supply chain and sales force
Management · Unit 7 · Logistics, supply chain and sales force
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Open chapter →Marketing: concept, segmentation, product, price, place
Management · Unit 7 · Marketing: concept, segmentation, product, price, place
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Open chapter →Service marketing, CRM and retail marketing
Management · Unit 7 · Service marketing, CRM and retail marketing
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Open chapter →Management Unit 8: Business Statistics and Operations Management
Management · Unit 8
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Read note →Hypothesis testing, correlation and regression
Management · Unit 8 · Hypothesis testing, correlation and regression
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Open chapter →Operations management
Management · Unit 8 · Operations management
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Open chapter →Quality management and operations research
Management · Unit 8 · Quality management and operations research
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Open chapter →Statistics for management
Management · Unit 8 · Statistics for management
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Open chapter →Management Unit 9: International Business and Management Information Systems
Management · Unit 9
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Read note →Information technology and MIS
Management · Unit 9 · Information technology and MIS
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Open chapter →International business
Management · Unit 9 · International business
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Open chapter →Management Unit 10: Entrepreneurship Development
Management · Unit 10
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Read note →Business plan and feasibility analysis
Management · Unit 10 · Business plan and feasibility analysis
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Open chapter →Entrepreneurship: concept, types, theories, process
Management · Unit 10 · Entrepreneurship: concept, types, theories, process
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Open chapter →Innovations in business
Management · Unit 10 · Innovations in business
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Open chapter →Institutional finance to small industries
Management · Unit 10 · Institutional finance to small industries
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Open chapter →Intrapreneurship
Management · Unit 10 · Intrapreneurship
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Open chapter →Micro and small scale industries in India
Management · Unit 10 · Micro and small scale industries in India
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Open chapter →Sickness in small industries
Management · Unit 10 · Sickness in small industries
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Open chapter →Women and rural entrepreneurship
Management · Unit 10 · Women and rural entrepreneurship
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 1: Micro Economics
Economics · Unit 1
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Read note →Asymmetric information
Economics · Unit 1 · Asymmetric information
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Open chapter →Decision making under uncertainty and risk
Economics · Unit 1 · Decision making under uncertainty and risk
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Open chapter →Efficiency criteria and welfare economics
Economics · Unit 1 · Efficiency criteria and welfare economics
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Open chapter →Factor pricing
Economics · Unit 1 · Factor pricing
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Open chapter →Game theory: non-cooperative games
Economics · Unit 1 · Game theory: non-cooperative games
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Open chapter →General equilibrium analysis
Economics · Unit 1 · General equilibrium analysis
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Open chapter →Market structures and equilibria
Economics · Unit 1 · Market structures and equilibria
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Open chapter →Theory of consumer behaviour
Economics · Unit 1 · Theory of consumer behaviour
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Open chapter →Theory of production and costs
Economics · Unit 1 · Theory of production and costs
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 2: Macro Economics
Economics · Unit 2
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Read note →Consumption, investment, multiplier, accelerator
Economics · Unit 2 · Consumption, investment, multiplier, accelerator
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Open chapter →Demand and supply of money, IS-LM model
Economics · Unit 2 · Demand and supply of money, IS-LM model
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Open chapter →Determination of output and employment
Economics · Unit 2 · Determination of output and employment
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Open chapter →Inflation, business cycles and policy
Economics · Unit 2 · Inflation, business cycles and policy
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Open chapter →National income: concepts and measurement
Economics · Unit 2 · National income: concepts and measurement
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 3: Statistics and Econometrics
Economics · Unit 3
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Read note →Descriptive statistics
Economics · Unit 3 · Descriptive statistics
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Open chapter →Discrete choice models and time series
Economics · Unit 3 · Discrete choice models and time series
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Open chapter →Identification and simultaneous equations
Economics · Unit 3 · Identification and simultaneous equations
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Open chapter →Linear regression models and BLUE
Economics · Unit 3 · Linear regression models and BLUE
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Open chapter →Probability theory and distributions
Economics · Unit 3 · Probability theory and distributions
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Open chapter →Sampling and statistical inference
Economics · Unit 3 · Sampling and statistical inference
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 4: Mathematical Economics
Economics · Unit 4
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Read note →Difference and differential equations
Economics · Unit 4 · Difference and differential equations
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Open chapter →Differential calculus and applications
Economics · Unit 4 · Differential calculus and applications
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Open chapter →Input-output model and linear programming
Economics · Unit 4 · Input-output model and linear programming
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Open chapter →Linear algebra: matrices and vector spaces
Economics · Unit 4 · Linear algebra: matrices and vector spaces
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Open chapter →Sets, functions, continuity, sequences, series
Economics · Unit 4 · Sets, functions, continuity, sequences, series
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Open chapter →Static optimisation problems
Economics · Unit 4 · Static optimisation problems
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 5: International Economics
Economics · Unit 5
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Read note →Balance of payments and exchange rates
Economics · Unit 5 · Balance of payments and exchange rates
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Open chapter →Foreign exchange market and gains from trade
Economics · Unit 5 · Foreign exchange market and gains from trade
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Open chapter →International trade: concepts and theories
Economics · Unit 5 · International trade: concepts and theories
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Open chapter →Tariffs, WTO, IMF and World Bank
Economics · Unit 5 · Tariffs, WTO, IMF and World Bank
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Open chapter →Trade under imperfect competition
Economics · Unit 5 · Trade under imperfect competition
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 6: Public Economics
Economics · Unit 6
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Read note →Market failure and public goods
Economics · Unit 6 · Market failure and public goods
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Open chapter →Public budget and fiscal policy
Economics · Unit 6 · Public budget and fiscal policy
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Open chapter →Public expenditure and public debt
Economics · Unit 6 · Public expenditure and public debt
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Open chapter →Public revenue and taxation
Economics · Unit 6 · Public revenue and taxation
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Open chapter →Regulation of markets
Economics · Unit 6 · Regulation of markets
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 7: Money and Banking
Economics · Unit 7
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Read note →Central bank
Economics · Unit 7 · Central bank
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Open chapter →Commercial banking
Economics · Unit 7 · Commercial banking
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Open chapter →Components of money supply
Economics · Unit 7 · Components of money supply
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Open chapter →Instruments and working of monetary policy
Economics · Unit 7 · Instruments and working of monetary policy
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Open chapter →Non-banking financial institutions and capital market
Economics · Unit 7 · Non-banking financial institutions and capital market
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 8: Growth and Development Economics
Economics · Unit 8
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Read note →Economic growth and economic development
Economics · Unit 8 · Economic growth and economic development
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Open chapter →Indicators of economic development
Economics · Unit 8 · Indicators of economic development
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Open chapter →Models of economic growth
Economics · Unit 8 · Models of economic growth
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Open chapter →Poverty and inequalities
Economics · Unit 8 · Poverty and inequalities
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Open chapter →Social sector development
Economics · Unit 8 · Social sector development
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Open chapter →Technical progress and endogenous growth
Economics · Unit 8 · Technical progress and endogenous growth
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Open chapter →Theories of economic development
Economics · Unit 8 · Theories of economic development
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 9: Environmental Economics and Demography
Economics · Unit 9
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Read note →Age structure and demographic dividend
Economics · Unit 9 · Age structure and demographic dividend
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Open chapter →Environment as a public good
Economics · Unit 9 · Environment as a public good
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Open chapter →Fertility, morbidity and mortality
Economics · Unit 9 · Fertility, morbidity and mortality
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Open chapter →Life table and migration
Economics · Unit 9 · Life table and migration
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Open chapter →Market failure, Coase theorem, valuation
Economics · Unit 9 · Market failure, Coase theorem, valuation
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Open chapter →Theories of population
Economics · Unit 9 · Theories of population
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Open chapter →Economics Unit 10: Indian Economy
Economics · Unit 10
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Read note →Agriculture: growth, challenges, policy
Economics · Unit 10 · Agriculture: growth, challenges, policy
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Open chapter →Centre-state financial relations and FRBM
Economics · Unit 10 · Centre-state financial relations and FRBM
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Open chapter →Economic growth in India: pattern and structure
Economics · Unit 10 · Economic growth in India: pattern and structure
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Open chapter →Foreign trade and capital flows
Economics · Unit 10 · Foreign trade and capital flows
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Open chapter →Industry: growth, challenges, policy
Economics · Unit 10 · Industry: growth, challenges, policy
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Open chapter →Infrastructure development
Economics · Unit 10 · Infrastructure development
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Open chapter →Poverty, inequality and unemployment
Economics · Unit 10 · Poverty, inequality and unemployment
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Open chapter →Reforms in land, labour and capital markets
Economics · Unit 10 · Reforms in land, labour and capital markets
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Open chapter →Rural development
Economics · Unit 10 · Rural development
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Open chapter →Services: growth, challenges, policy
Economics · Unit 10 · Services: growth, challenges, policy
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Open chapter →Urban development
Economics · Unit 10 · Urban development
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Open chapter →Education Unit 1: Educational Studies
Education · Unit 1
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Read note →Indian schools of philosophy and education
Education · Unit 1 · Indian schools of philosophy and education
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Open chapter →Socialization, thinkers and national values
Education · Unit 1 · Socialization, thinkers and national values
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Open chapter →Sociology of education
Education · Unit 1 · Sociology of education
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Open chapter →Western schools of thought and education
Education · Unit 1 · Western schools of thought and education
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Open chapter →Education Unit 2: History, Politics and Economics of Education
Education · Unit 2
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Read note →Committees and commissions
Education · Unit 2 · Committees and commissions
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Open chapter →Economics of education
Education · Unit 2 · Economics of education
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Open chapter →Educational policy and its process
Education · Unit 2 · Educational policy and its process
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Open chapter →Politics of education
Education · Unit 2 · Politics of education
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Open chapter →Education Unit 3: Learner and Learning Process
Education · Unit 3
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Read note →Growth, development and personality
Education · Unit 3 · Growth, development and personality
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Open chapter →Guidance and counselling
Education · Unit 3 · Guidance and counselling
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Open chapter →Intelligence, problem solving and creativity
Education · Unit 3 · Intelligence, problem solving and creativity
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Open chapter →Principles and theories of learning
Education · Unit 3 · Principles and theories of learning
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Open chapter →Education Unit 4: Teacher Education
Education · Unit 4
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Read note →In-service teacher education
Education · Unit 4 · In-service teacher education
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Open chapter →Knowledge base and models of teacher education
Education · Unit 4 · Knowledge base and models of teacher education
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Open chapter →Meaning, programmes and curriculum
Education · Unit 4 · Meaning, programmes and curriculum
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Open chapter →Teaching as a profession
Education · Unit 4 · Teaching as a profession
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Open chapter →Education Unit 5: Curriculum Studies
Education · Unit 5
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Read note →Concept, principles and foundations of curriculum
Education · Unit 5 · Concept, principles and foundations of curriculum
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Open chapter →Curriculum change and research
Education · Unit 5 · Curriculum change and research
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Open chapter →Instructional system and curriculum evaluation
Education · Unit 5 · Instructional system and curriculum evaluation
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Open chapter →Models of curriculum design
Education · Unit 5 · Models of curriculum design
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Open chapter →Education Unit 6: Research in Education
Education · Unit 6
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Read note →Measurement and quantitative data analysis
Education · Unit 6 · Measurement and quantitative data analysis
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Open chapter →Qualitative and mixed-method designs
Education · Unit 6 · Qualitative and mixed-method designs
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Open chapter →Scientific method and types of research
Education · Unit 6 · Scientific method and types of research
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Open chapter →Variables, hypotheses, sampling and tools
Education · Unit 6 · Variables, hypotheses, sampling and tools
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Open chapter →Education Unit 7: Pedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment
Education · Unit 7
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Read note →Andragogy
Education · Unit 7 · Andragogy
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Open chapter →Assessment: meaning, types and domains
Education · Unit 7 · Assessment: meaning, types and domains
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Open chapter →Feedback, interaction analysis and teacher evaluation
Education · Unit 7 · Feedback, interaction analysis and teacher evaluation
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Open chapter →Pedagogy and levels of teaching
Education · Unit 7 · Pedagogy and levels of teaching
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Open chapter →Education Unit 8: Technology in/for Education
Education · Unit 8
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Read note →Educational technology: foundations
Education · Unit 8 · Educational technology: foundations
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Open chapter →Emerging trends in e-learning
Education · Unit 8 · Emerging trends in e-learning
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Open chapter →ICT in evaluation, administration and research
Education · Unit 8 · ICT in evaluation, administration and research
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Open chapter →Instructional design models
Education · Unit 8 · Instructional design models
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Open chapter →Education Unit 9: Educational Management, Administration and Leadership
Education · Unit 9
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Read note →Change management and quality assurance
Education · Unit 9 · Change management and quality assurance
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Open chapter →Leadership in educational administration
Education · Unit 9 · Leadership in educational administration
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Open chapter →Management and administration
Education · Unit 9 · Management and administration
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Open chapter →Quality in education
Education · Unit 9 · Quality in education
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Open chapter →Education Unit 10: Inclusive Education
Education · Unit 10
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Read note →Barriers, ethics and research in inclusive education
Education · Unit 10 · Barriers, ethics and research in inclusive education
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Open chapter →Impairment, disability and identification
Education · Unit 10 · Impairment, disability and identification
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Open chapter →Inclusive education: concept and legal provisions
Education · Unit 10 · Inclusive education: concept and legal provisions
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Open chapter →Planning and management of inclusive classrooms
Education · Unit 10 · Planning and management of inclusive classrooms
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 1: हिन्दी भाषा और उसका विकास
Hindi · Unit 1
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Read note →देवानागरी लिपि
Hindi · Unit 1 · देवानागरी लिपि
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Open chapter →हिन्दी का भाषिक स्वरूप
Hindi · Unit 1 · हिन्दी का भाषिक स्वरूप
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Open chapter →हिन्दी का भौगोलिक विस्तार
Hindi · Unit 1 · हिन्दी का भौगोलिक विस्तार
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Open chapter →हिन्दी की ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
Hindi · Unit 1 · हिन्दी की ऐतिहासिक पृष्ठभूमि
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Open chapter →हिन्दी के विविध रूप
Hindi · Unit 1 · हिन्दी के विविध रूप
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Open chapter →हिन्दी भाषा-प्रयोग के विविध रूप
Hindi · Unit 1 · हिन्दी भाषा-प्रयोग के विविध रूप
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 2: हिन्दी साहित्य का इतिहास
Hindi · Unit 2
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Read note →आदिकाल
Hindi · Unit 2 · आदिकाल
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Open chapter →आधुनिक काल
Hindi · Unit 2 · आधुनिक काल
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Open chapter →भक्तिकाल
Hindi · Unit 2 · भक्तिकाल
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Open chapter →रीतिकाल
Hindi · Unit 2 · रीतिकाल
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Open chapter →हिन्दी का प्रवासी साहित्य
Hindi · Unit 2 · हिन्दी का प्रवासी साहित्य
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Open chapter →हिन्दी की अन्य गद्य विधाएँ
Hindi · Unit 2 · हिन्दी की अन्य गद्य विधाएँ
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Open chapter →हिन्दी साहित्य की गद्य विधाएँ
Hindi · Unit 2 · हिन्दी साहित्य की गद्य विधाएँ
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Open chapter →हिन्दी साहित्येतिहास दर्शन
Hindi · Unit 2 · हिन्दी साहित्येतिहास दर्शन
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 3: साहित्यशास्त्र
Hindi · Unit 3
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Read note →काव्य के लक्षण, हेतु और प्रयोजन
Hindi · Unit 3 · काव्य के लक्षण, हेतु और प्रयोजन
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Open chapter →पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त
Hindi · Unit 3 · पाश्चात्य काव्य सिद्धान्त
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Open chapter →प्रमुख संप्रदाय और सिद्धान्त
Hindi · Unit 3 · प्रमुख संप्रदाय और सिद्धान्त
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Open chapter →मिथक, फैंटेसी, कल्पना, प्रतीक, बिम्ब
Hindi · Unit 3 · मिथक, फैंटेसी, कल्पना, प्रतीक, बिम्ब
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Open chapter →रस निष्पत्ति, साधारणीकरण, शब्दशक्ति
Hindi · Unit 3 · रस निष्पत्ति, साधारणीकरण, शब्दशक्ति
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Open chapter →रूसी रूपवाद और नयी समीक्षा
Hindi · Unit 3 · रूसी रूपवाद और नयी समीक्षा
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 4: वैचारिक पृष्ठभूमि
Hindi · Unit 4
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Read note →अम्बेडकर दर्शन
Hindi · Unit 4 · अम्बेडकर दर्शन
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Open chapter →गांधीवादी दर्शन
Hindi · Unit 4 · गांधीवादी दर्शन
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Open chapter →भारतीय नवजागरण
Hindi · Unit 4 · भारतीय नवजागरण
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Open chapter →लोहिया दर्शन
Hindi · Unit 4 · लोहिया दर्शन
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Hindi · Unit 4 · विचारधाराएँ और अस्मितामूलक विमर्श
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Hindi · Unit 4 · हिन्दी नवजागरण
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 5: हिन्दी कविता
Hindi · Unit 5
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Hindi · Unit 5 · आदिकालीन कविता
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Hindi · Unit 5 · आधुनिक कविता
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Hindi · Unit 5 · भक्तिकालीन कविता
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Hindi · Unit 5 · रीतिकालीन कविता
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 6: हिन्दी उपन्यास
Hindi · Unit 6
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Hindi · Unit 6 · परवर्ती उपन्यास
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Hindi · Unit 6 · प्रारंभिक उपन्यास
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Open chapter →प्रेमचन्द — गोदान
Hindi · Unit 6 · प्रेमचन्द — गोदान
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 7: हिन्दी कहानी
Hindi · Unit 7
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Hindi · Unit 7 · परवर्ती कहानी
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Hindi · Unit 7 · प्रारंभिक कहानी
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Open chapter →प्रेमचन्द युग की कहानी
Hindi · Unit 7 · प्रेमचन्द युग की कहानी
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 8: हिन्दी नाटक
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Hindi · Unit 8 · प्रसाद
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Hindi · Unit 8 · भारतेन्दु
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Hindi · Unit 8 · समकालीन नाटक
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 9: हिन्दी निबंध
Hindi · Unit 9
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Hindi · Unit 9 · आधुनिक निबंध
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Open chapter →भारतेन्दु युग के निबंध
Hindi · Unit 9 · भारतेन्दु युग के निबंध
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Open chapter →शुक्ल युग के निबंध
Hindi · Unit 9 · शुक्ल युग के निबंध
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Open chapter →Hindi Unit 10: आत्मकथा, जीवनी तथा अन्य गद्य विधाएं
Hindi · Unit 10
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Hindi · Unit 10 · अन्य गद्य
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Hindi · Unit 10 · आत्मकथा
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Hindi · Unit 10 · जीवनी
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Open chapter →यात्रा साहित्य और डायरी
Hindi · Unit 10 · यात्रा साहित्य और डायरी
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Open chapter →संस्मरण और रेखाचित्र
Hindi · Unit 10 · संस्मरण और रेखाचित्र
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Open chapter →English Unit 1: Drama
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English · Unit 2 · Comprehension passages: poetry
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English · Unit 2 · Poetry
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English · Unit 3 · Fiction, short story
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English · Unit 4 · Non-Fictional Prose
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Open chapter →English Unit 5: Language: Basic concepts, theories and pedagogy. English in Use.
English · Unit 5
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Read note →Language: basic concepts, theories and pedagogy; English in Use
English · Unit 5 · Language: basic concepts, theories and pedagogy; English in Use
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Open chapter →English Unit 6: English in India: history, evolution and futures
English · Unit 6
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English · Unit 6 · English in India: history, evolution and futures
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Open chapter →English Unit 7: Cultural Studies
English · Unit 7
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English · Unit 7 · Cultural Studies
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Open chapter →English Unit 8: Literary Criticism
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English · Unit 8 · Literary Criticism
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Open chapter →English Unit 9: Literary Theory post World War II
English · Unit 9
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English · Unit 9 · Literary Theory post World War II
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Open chapter →English Unit 10: Research Methods and Materials in English
English · Unit 10
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English · Unit 10 · Research Methods and Materials in English
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 1: Political Theory
Political Science · Unit 1
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Political Science · Unit 1 · Political theory concepts
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Political Science · Unit 1 · Political traditions
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Political Science · Unit 2
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Political Science · Unit 2 · Western political thinkers
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Political Science · Unit 3 · Indian political thinkers and traditions
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 4: Comparative Political Analysis
Political Science · Unit 4
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Political Science · Unit 4 · Approaches and comparative methods
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Open chapter →Colonialism, decolonization and nationalism
Political Science · Unit 4 · Colonialism, decolonization and nationalism
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Political Science · Unit 4 · Constitutions and constitutionalism
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Political Science · Unit 4 · Democratisation and development
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Political Science · Unit 4 · Political regimes
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Political Science · Unit 4 · State theory
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Open chapter →Structures of power, actors and processes
Political Science · Unit 4 · Structures of power, actors and processes
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Political Science · Unit 5
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Political Science · Unit 5 · Approaches to international relations
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Open chapter →Conflict and peace
Political Science · Unit 5 · Conflict and peace
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Political Science · Unit 5 · Contemporary challenges in IR
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Open chapter →IR concepts: state, power, sovereignty, security
Political Science · Unit 5 · IR concepts: state, power, sovereignty, security
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Open chapter →Political economy of IR and globalisation
Political Science · Unit 5 · Political economy of IR and globalisation
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Political Science · Unit 5 · Regional organisations
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Political Science · Unit 5 · United Nations and international law
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 6: India’s Foreign Policy
Political Science · Unit 6
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Political Science · Unit 6 · Contemporary challenges for India’s foreign policy
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Open chapter →Continuity, change, non-alignment, nuclear policy
Political Science · Unit 6 · Continuity, change, non-alignment, nuclear policy
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Open chapter →India's engagement with a multipolar world
Political Science · Unit 6 · India’s engagement with a multipolar world
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Open chapter →India's negotiation strategies in international regimes
Political Science · Unit 6 · India’s negotiation strategies in international regimes
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Political Science · Unit 6 · India’s relations with its neighbourhood
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Political Science · Unit 6 · India’s relations with major powers
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Open chapter →Perspectives on India's foreign policy
Political Science · Unit 6 · Perspectives on India’s foreign policy
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 7: Political Institutions in India
Political Science · Unit 7
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Political Science · Unit 7 · Constitutional and statutory bodies
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Open chapter →Constitutionalism in India
Political Science · Unit 7 · Constitutionalism in India
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Open chapter →Electoral process and Election Commission
Political Science · Unit 7 · Electoral process and Election Commission
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Political Science · Unit 7 · Local government institutions
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Political Science · Unit 7 · Making of the Indian Constitution
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Political Science · Unit 7 · Philosophy of the Constitution
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Political Science · Unit 7 · States and federalism in India
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Political Science · Unit 7 · Union executive, Parliament and judiciary
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 8: Political Processes in India
Political Science · Unit 8
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Political Science · Unit 8 · Gender and politics in India
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Open chapter →Identity politics
Political Science · Unit 8 · Identity politics
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Political Science · Unit 8 · Parties and electoral politics
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Political Science · Unit 8 · Process of globalisation
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Political Science · Unit 8 · Regionalisation of Indian politics
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Political Science · Unit 8 · Social movements and civil society groups
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Open chapter →State, economy and development
Political Science · Unit 8 · State, economy and development
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 9: Public Administration
Political Science · Unit 9
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Political Science · Unit 9 · Approaches to public administration
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Open chapter →Managing conflict and management by objectives
Political Science · Unit 9 · Managing conflict and management by objectives
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Open chapter →Managing the organisation: leadership and motivation
Political Science · Unit 9 · Managing the organisation: leadership and motivation
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Open chapter →Organisational communication and information
Political Science · Unit 9 · Organisational communication and information
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Open chapter →Public administration theories and concepts
Political Science · Unit 9 · Public administration theories and concepts
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Open chapter →Public administration: meaning and evolution
Political Science · Unit 9 · Public administration: meaning and evolution
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Open chapter →Theories and principles of organisation
Political Science · Unit 9 · Theories and principles of organisation
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Open chapter →Political Science Unit 10: Governance and Public Policy in India
Political Science · Unit 10
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Political Science · Unit 10 · Accountability and control
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Open chapter →Governance and good governance
Political Science · Unit 10 · Governance and good governance
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Open chapter →Grassroots governance
Political Science · Unit 10 · Grassroots governance
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Political Science · Unit 10 · Institutional mechanisms for good governance
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Political Science · Unit 10 · Monitoring and evaluation of public policy
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Political Science · Unit 10 · Planning and development
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Open chapter →Public policy as socio-economic development
Political Science · Unit 10 · Public policy as socio-economic development
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 1: Classical Indian: Epistemology and Metaphysics
Philosophy · Unit 1
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Philosophy · Unit 1 · Carvaka, Jainism, Buddhism
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Philosophy · Unit 1 · Nyaya and Vaisesika
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Philosophy · Unit 1 · Purva-Mimamsa and Vedanta
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Philosophy · Unit 1 · Samkhya and Yoga
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Philosophy · Unit 1 · Vedic and Upanishadic thought
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 2: Classical Western: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern
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Read note →Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz
Philosophy · Unit 2 · Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz
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Philosophy · Unit 2 · Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Hegel
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Philosophy · Unit 2 · Medieval philosophy
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Philosophy · Unit 2 · Plato and Aristotle
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Philosophy · Unit 2 · Pre-Socratics, Sophists, Socrates
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Philosophy · Unit 3
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Philosophy · Unit 3 · Jain, Buddhist and Carvaka ethics
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Open chapter →Karma-yoga and allied concepts
Philosophy · Unit 3 · Karma-yoga and allied concepts
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Open chapter →Purushartha and Dharma
Philosophy · Unit 3 · Purushartha and Dharma
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 4: Western Ethics
Philosophy · Unit 4
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Read note →Concepts and theories of ethics
Philosophy · Unit 4 · Concepts and theories of ethics
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Open chapter →Egoism, altruism, relativism
Philosophy · Unit 4 · Egoism, altruism, relativism
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Open chapter →Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism
Philosophy · Unit 4 · Ethical cognitivism and non-cognitivism
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Philosophy · Unit 4 · Kant and utilitarianism
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 5: Contemporary Indian Philosophy
Philosophy · Unit 5
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Philosophy · Unit 5 · Ambedkar, Upadhyaya, Narayana Guru and others
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Open chapter →Bhattacharyya, Radhakrishnan, Krishnamurti, Gandhi
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Open chapter →Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Iqbal, Tagore
Philosophy · Unit 5 · Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Iqbal, Tagore
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 6: Recent Western Philosophy
Philosophy · Unit 6
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Philosophy · Unit 6 · Analytic philosophy
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Open chapter →Phenomenology and existentialism
Philosophy · Unit 6 · Phenomenology and existentialism
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Open chapter →Pragmatism and post-modernism
Philosophy · Unit 6 · Pragmatism and post-modernism
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 7: Social and Political Philosophy: Indian
Philosophy · Unit 7
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Philosophy · Unit 7 · Ancient Indian statecraft
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Open chapter →Constitutional morality and secularism
Philosophy · Unit 7 · Constitutional morality and secularism
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Philosophy · Unit 7 · Modern Indian political ideas
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Philosophy · Unit 7 · Social institutions and colonialism
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 8: Social and Political Philosophy: Western
Philosophy · Unit 8
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Read note →Liberalism and theories of justice
Philosophy · Unit 8 · Liberalism and theories of justice
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Philosophy · Unit 8 · Liberty and equality
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Open chapter →Marxism, communitarianism, multiculturalism, feminism
Philosophy · Unit 8 · Marxism, communitarianism, multiculturalism, feminism
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Open chapter →Plato and social contract theory
Philosophy · Unit 8 · Plato and social contract theory
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 9: Logic
Philosophy · Unit 9
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Read note →Propositions and categorical syllogism
Philosophy · Unit 9 · Propositions and categorical syllogism
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Philosophy · Unit 9 · Symbolic logic and decision procedures
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Open chapter →Truth-functions and quantification
Philosophy · Unit 9 · Truth-functions and quantification
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Open chapter →Philosophy Unit 10: Applied Philosophy
Philosophy · Unit 10
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Philosophy · Unit 10 · Applied philosophy and technology
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Philosophy · Unit 10 · Environmental and medical ethics
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Open chapter →Professional, media, legal ethics and counselling
Philosophy · Unit 10 · Professional, media, legal ethics and counselling
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 1: Emergence of Psychology
Psychology · Unit 1
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Read note →Academic psychology in India
Psychology · Unit 1 · Academic psychology in India
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Psychology · Unit 1 · Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge
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Psychology · Unit 1 · Knowledge paradigms and controversies
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Psychology · Unit 1 · Psychological thought in Eastern systems
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Psychology · Unit 1 · Western schools and founding paths
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 2: Research Methodology and Statistics
Psychology · Unit 2
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Read note →Correlational analysis and regression
Psychology · Unit 2 · Correlational analysis and regression
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Psychology · Unit 2 · Experimental designs
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Psychology · Unit 2 · Factor analysis
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Open chapter →Paradigms and methods of research
Psychology · Unit 2 · Paradigms and methods of research
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Open chapter →Research: meaning, problems, variables, ethics
Psychology · Unit 2 · Research: meaning, problems, variables, ethics
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Open chapter →Statistics: central tendency, dispersion, NPC, tests
Psychology · Unit 2 · Statistics: central tendency, dispersion, NPC, tests
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 3: Psychological Testing
Psychology · Unit 3
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Psychology · Unit 3 · Areas of testing
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Psychology · Unit 3 · Attitude scales
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Psychology · Unit 3 · Computer-based testing and applications
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Open chapter →Test standardisation: reliability, validity, norms
Psychology · Unit 3 · Test standardisation: reliability, validity, norms
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Psychology · Unit 3 · Types of tests and test construction
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 4: Biological Basis of Behaviour
Psychology · Unit 4
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Read note →Biological basis of motivation and emotion
Psychology · Unit 4 · Biological basis of motivation and emotion
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Open chapter →Central and peripheral nervous systems
Psychology · Unit 4 · Central and peripheral nervous systems
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Open chapter →Genetics and behaviour
Psychology · Unit 4 · Genetics and behaviour
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Open chapter →Methods of physiological psychology
Psychology · Unit 4 · Methods of physiological psychology
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Open chapter →Muscular and glandular system
Psychology · Unit 4 · Muscular and glandular system
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Open chapter →Neurons and neurotransmitters
Psychology · Unit 4 · Neurons and neurotransmitters
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Open chapter →Sensory systems
Psychology · Unit 4 · Sensory systems
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 5: Attention, Perception, Learning, Memory and Forgetting
Psychology · Unit 5
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Read note →Attention: forms and models
Psychology · Unit 5 · Attention: forms and models
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Open chapter →Learning: theories and conditioning
Psychology · Unit 5 · Learning: theories and conditioning
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Open chapter →Memory and forgetting
Psychology · Unit 5 · Memory and forgetting
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Open chapter →Perception: approaches, organisation, constancy
Psychology · Unit 5 · Perception: approaches, organisation, constancy
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Open chapter →Signal detection and information processing
Psychology · Unit 5 · Signal detection and information processing
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Open chapter →Verbal and discrimination learning
Psychology · Unit 5 · Verbal and discrimination learning
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 6: Thinking, Intelligence and Creativity
Psychology · Unit 6
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Read note →Concept formation, reasoning, language and thought
Psychology · Unit 6 · Concept formation, reasoning, language and thought
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Open chapter →Creativity
Psychology · Unit 6 · Creativity
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Open chapter →Intelligence: major theories
Psychology · Unit 6 · Intelligence: major theories
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Open chapter →Metacognition
Psychology · Unit 6 · Metacognition
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Open chapter →Problem solving and decision-making
Psychology · Unit 6 · Problem solving and decision-making
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Open chapter →Theoretical perspectives on thought
Psychology · Unit 6 · Theoretical perspectives on thought
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 7: Personality, Motivation, Emotion, Stress and Coping
Psychology · Unit 7
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Read note →Conflicts, stress and coping
Psychology · Unit 7 · Conflicts, stress and coping
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Open chapter →Emotions: correlates and theories
Psychology · Unit 7 · Emotions: correlates and theories
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Open chapter →Exploratory behaviour and achievement motives
Psychology · Unit 7 · Exploratory behaviour and achievement motives
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Open chapter →Motivation: concepts and approaches
Psychology · Unit 7 · Motivation: concepts and approaches
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Open chapter →Other personality theories
Psychology · Unit 7 · Other personality theories
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Open chapter →Personality: determinants and approaches
Psychology · Unit 7 · Personality: determinants and approaches
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 8: Social Psychology
Psychology · Unit 8
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Read note →Applied social psychology
Psychology · Unit 8 · Applied social psychology
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Open chapter →Group and social influence
Psychology · Unit 8 · Group and social influence
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Open chapter →Nature, scope and perspectives
Psychology · Unit 8 · Nature, scope and perspectives
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Open chapter →Social perception, attitudes and prosocial behaviour
Psychology · Unit 8 · Social perception, attitudes and prosocial behaviour
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Open chapter →Theories of intergroup relations
Psychology · Unit 8 · Theories of intergroup relations
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 9: Human Development and Interventions
Psychology · Unit 9
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Read note →Aspects of development
Psychology · Unit 9 · Aspects of development
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Open chapter →Developmental processes and theories
Psychology · Unit 9 · Developmental processes and theories
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Open chapter →Educational applications and counselling
Psychology · Unit 9 · Educational applications and counselling
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Open chapter →Psychopathology and psychotherapies
Psychology · Unit 9 · Psychopathology and psychotherapies
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Open chapter →Psychology Unit 10: Emerging Areas
Psychology · Unit 10
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Read note →Gender, poverty, disability and migration
Psychology · Unit 10 · Gender, poverty, disability and migration
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Open chapter →Health psychology
Psychology · Unit 10 · Health psychology
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Open chapter →Peace psychology
Psychology · Unit 10 · Peace psychology
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Open chapter →Psychology and technology interface
Psychology · Unit 10 · Psychology and technology interface
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Open chapter →Wellbeing and self-growth
Psychology · Unit 10 · Wellbeing and self-growth
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 1: Sociological Theory
Sociology · Unit 1
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Read note →Classical sociological traditions
Sociology · Unit 1 · Classical sociological traditions
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Open chapter →Hermeneutic and interpretative traditions
Sociology · Unit 1 · Hermeneutic and interpretative traditions
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Open chapter →Indian thinkers
Sociology · Unit 1 · Indian thinkers
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Open chapter →Postmodernism, post-structuralism, post-colonialism
Sociology · Unit 1 · Postmodernism, post-structuralism, post-colonialism
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Open chapter →Structural-functionalism and structuralism
Sociology · Unit 1 · Structural-functionalism and structuralism
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 2: Research Methodology and Methods
Sociology · Unit 2
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Read note →Conceptualizing social reality
Sociology · Unit 2 · Conceptualizing social reality
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Open chapter →Formulating research design
Sociology · Unit 2 · Formulating research design
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Open chapter →Interpretation, data analysis and report writing
Sociology · Unit 2 · Interpretation, data analysis and report writing
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Open chapter →Quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques
Sociology · Unit 2 · Quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 3: Basic Concepts and Institutions
Sociology · Unit 3
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Read note →Social change and processes
Sociology · Unit 3 · Social change and processes
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Open chapter →Social institutions
Sociology · Unit 3 · Social institutions
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Open chapter →Social stratification
Sociology · Unit 3 · Social stratification
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Open chapter →Sociological concepts
Sociology · Unit 3 · Sociological concepts
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 4: Rural and Urban Transformations
Sociology · Unit 4
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Read note →Rural and peasant society
Sociology · Unit 4 · Rural and peasant society
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Open chapter →Urban society
Sociology · Unit 4 · Urban society
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 5: State, Politics and Development
Sociology · Unit 5
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Read note →Political processes in India
Sociology · Unit 5 · Political processes in India
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Open chapter →Social movements, protests and civil society
Sociology · Unit 5 · Social movements, protests and civil society
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 6: Economy and Society
Sociology · Unit 6
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Read note →Development models, poverty and labour
Sociology · Unit 6 · Development models, poverty and labour
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Open chapter →Digital economy, business and consumption
Sociology · Unit 6 · Digital economy, business and consumption
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Open chapter →Exchange, gift, capital, labour and market
Sociology · Unit 6 · Exchange, gift, capital, labour and market
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Open chapter →Mode of production and property relations
Sociology · Unit 6 · Mode of production and property relations
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 7: Environment and Society
Sociology · Unit 7
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Read note →Disasters, pollution, climate and movements
Sociology · Unit 7 · Disasters, pollution, climate and movements
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Open chapter →Gender, forests, exclusion and degradation
Sociology · Unit 7 · Gender, forests, exclusion and degradation
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Open chapter →Indigenous knowledge and ethno-medicine
Sociology · Unit 7 · Indigenous knowledge and ethno-medicine
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Open chapter →Social and cultural ecology
Sociology · Unit 7 · Social and cultural ecology
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 8: Family, Marriage and Kinship
Sociology · Unit 8
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Read note →Changing family, marriage and care systems
Sociology · Unit 8 · Changing family, marriage and care systems
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Open chapter →Family laws and violence
Sociology · Unit 8 · Family laws and violence
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Open chapter →Gender relations and power dynamics
Sociology · Unit 8 · Gender relations and power dynamics
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Open chapter →Inheritance, succession and authority
Sociology · Unit 8 · Inheritance, succession and authority
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Open chapter →Theoretical approaches to family and kinship
Sociology · Unit 8 · Theoretical approaches to family and kinship
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 9: Science, Technology and Society
Sociology · Unit 9
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Read note →Cyber crime
Sociology · Unit 9 · Cyber crime
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Open chapter →History of technological development
Sociology · Unit 9 · History of technological development
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Open chapter →Media, e-governance and surveillance
Sociology · Unit 9 · Media, e-governance and surveillance
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Open chapter →Technology, family, health and food
Sociology · Unit 9 · Technology, family, health and food
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Open chapter →Sociology Unit 10: Culture and Symbolic Transformations
Sociology · Unit 10
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Read note →Cultural identity and mobilisation
Sociology · Unit 10 · Cultural identity and mobilisation
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Open chapter →Education, religion and commodification
Sociology · Unit 10 · Education, religion and commodification
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Open chapter →Gender, body, art, ethics and sports
Sociology · Unit 10 · Gender, body, art, ethics and sports
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Open chapter →Pilgrimage, religion, economy and environment
Sociology · Unit 10 · Pilgrimage, religion, economy and environment
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Open chapter →Signs, symbols, rituals and beliefs
Sociology · Unit 10 · Signs, symbols, rituals and beliefs
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Open chapter →History Unit 1: Negotiating the Sources
History · Unit 1
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Read note →Archaeological sources and dating
History · Unit 1 · Archaeological sources and dating
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Open chapter →Indus/Harappa civilization
History · Unit 1 · Indus/Harappa civilization
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Open chapter →Literary and foreign sources
History · Unit 1 · Literary and foreign sources
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Open chapter →Mahajanapadas and second urbanization
History · Unit 1 · Mahajanapadas and second urbanization
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Open chapter →Pastoralism, Neolithic and Chalcolithic phases
History · Unit 1 · Pastoralism, Neolithic and Chalcolithic phases
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Open chapter →Vedic and later Vedic periods
History · Unit 1 · Vedic and later Vedic periods
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Open chapter →History Unit 2: From State to Empire
History · Unit 2
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Read note →Gupta-Vakataka age and Harsha
History · Unit 2 · Gupta-Vakataka age and Harsha
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Open chapter →Mauryan empire and Ashoka's Dhamma
History · Unit 2 · Mauryan empire and Ashoka’s Dhamma
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Open chapter →Post-Mauryan regional powers and Sangam age
History · Unit 2 · Post-Mauryan regional powers and Sangam age
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Open chapter →Rise of Magadha and Alexander's invasion
History · Unit 2 · Rise of Magadha and Alexander’s invasion
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Open chapter →History Unit 3: Emergence of Regional Kingdoms
History · Unit 3
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Read note →Characteristics of early medieval India
History · Unit 3 · Characteristics of early medieval India
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Open chapter →Debates on state formation and Arab contacts
History · Unit 3 · Debates on state formation and Arab contacts
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Open chapter →Kingdoms in Eastern, Western and North India
History · Unit 3 · Kingdoms in Eastern, Western and North India
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Open chapter →Kingdoms in South India
History · Unit 3 · Kingdoms in South India
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Open chapter →Kingdoms in the Deccan
History · Unit 3 · Kingdoms in the Deccan
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Open chapter →Religion, society and education
History · Unit 3 · Religion, society and education
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Open chapter →History Unit 4: Source of Medieval Indian History
History · Unit 4
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Read note →Rise of the Marathas
History · Unit 4 · Rise of the Marathas
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Open chapter →Sources of medieval Indian history
History · Unit 4 · Sources of medieval Indian history
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Open chapter →The Delhi Sultanate
History · Unit 4 · The Delhi Sultanate
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Open chapter →The Mughal empire
History · Unit 4 · The Mughal empire
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Open chapter →Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis
History · Unit 4 · Vijayanagara and the Bahmanis
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Open chapter →History Unit 5: Administration and Economy
History · Unit 5
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Read note →Agricultural production and village economy
History · Unit 5 · Agricultural production and village economy
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Open chapter →Deccan and Maratha administration
History · Unit 5 · Deccan and Maratha administration
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Open chapter →Frontier policies and inter-state relations
History · Unit 5 · Frontier policies and inter-state relations
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Open chapter →Industries, trade and commerce
History · Unit 5 · Industries, trade and commerce
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Open chapter →Sultanate and Mughal administration
History · Unit 5 · Sultanate and Mughal administration
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Open chapter →History Unit 6: Society and Culture
History · Unit 6
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Read note →Education, fine arts and architecture
History · Unit 6 · Education, fine arts and architecture
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Open chapter →Social classification and rural society
History · Unit 6 · Social classification and rural society
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Open chapter →Social organisation and social structure
History · Unit 6 · Social organisation and social structure
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Open chapter →Sufis and the Bhakti movement
History · Unit 6 · Sufis and the Bhakti movement
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Open chapter →The Sikh movement
History · Unit 6 · The Sikh movement
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Open chapter →History Unit 7: Sources of Modern Indian History
History · Unit 7
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Read note →Administration of the Company and the Crown
History · Unit 7 · Administration of the Company and the Crown
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Open chapter →Constitutional changes, 1909–1935
History · Unit 7 · Constitutional changes, 1909–1935
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Open chapter →Revolt of 1857
History · Unit 7 · Revolt of 1857
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Open chapter →Rise of British power
History · Unit 7 · Rise of British power
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Open chapter →Sources of modern Indian history
History · Unit 7 · Sources of modern Indian history
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Open chapter →History Unit 8: Colonial Economy
History · Unit 8
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Read note →Colonial trade and agriculture
History · Unit 8 · Colonial trade and agriculture
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Open chapter →Decline of industries and de-urbanisation
History · Unit 8 · Decline of industries and de-urbanisation
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Open chapter →Indian society in transition
History · Unit 8 · Indian society in transition
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Open chapter →Monetary policy, banking and transport
History · Unit 8 · Monetary policy, banking and transport
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Open chapter →Urbanisation, famines and movements
History · Unit 8 · Urbanisation, famines and movements
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Open chapter →Women's question, press and arts
History · Unit 8 · Women’s question, press and arts
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Open chapter →History Unit 9: Rise of Indian Nationalism
History · Unit 9
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Read note →India after independence
History · Unit 9 · India after independence
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Open chapter →Left, depressed class and communal politics
History · Unit 9 · Left, depressed class and communal politics
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Open chapter →Rise of nationalism and the Congress
History · Unit 9 · Rise of nationalism and the Congress
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Open chapter →Swadeshi, Swaraj and Gandhian movements
History · Unit 9 · Swadeshi, Swaraj and Gandhian movements
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Open chapter →Towards independence and partition
History · Unit 9 · Towards independence and partition
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Open chapter →History Unit 10: Historical Method, Research Methodology and Historiography
History · Unit 10
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Read note →Beginnings and schools of historiography
History · Unit 10 · Beginnings and schools of historiography
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Open chapter →Heuristics, criticism and synthesis
History · Unit 10 · Heuristics, criticism and synthesis
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Open chapter →Historical method and objectivity
History · Unit 10 · Historical method and objectivity
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Open chapter →History and its auxiliary sciences
History · Unit 10 · History and its auxiliary sciences
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Open chapter →Research methodology
History · Unit 10 · Research methodology
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 1: Geomorphology
Geography · Unit 1
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Read note →Continental drift and plate tectonics
Geography · Unit 1 · Continental drift and plate tectonics
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Open chapter →Denudation, weathering and geomorphic cycle
Geography · Unit 1 · Denudation, weathering and geomorphic cycle
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Open chapter →Earth movements
Geography · Unit 1 · Earth movements
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Open chapter →Landforms and geomorphic hazards
Geography · Unit 1 · Landforms and geomorphic hazards
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 2: Climatology
Geography · Unit 2
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Read note →Atmosphere and insolation
Geography · Unit 2 · Atmosphere and insolation
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Open chapter →Atmospheric circulation and cyclones
Geography · Unit 2 · Atmospheric circulation and cyclones
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Open chapter →Climatic classification
Geography · Unit 2 · Climatic classification
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Open chapter →ENSO events
Geography · Unit 2 · ENSO events
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Open chapter →Meteorological hazards and climate change
Geography · Unit 2 · Meteorological hazards and climate change
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 3: Oceanography
Geography · Unit 3
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Read note →Ocean circulation, waves and tides
Geography · Unit 3 · Ocean circulation, waves and tides
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Open chapter →Relief and composition of oceans
Geography · Unit 3 · Relief and composition of oceans
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Open chapter →Sea level changes and ocean hazards
Geography · Unit 3 · Sea level changes and ocean hazards
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 4: Geography of Environment
Geography · Unit 4
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Read note →Ecosystem and its functions
Geography · Unit 4 · Ecosystem and its functions
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Open chapter →Environmental hazards and disasters
Geography · Unit 4 · Environmental hazards and disasters
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Open chapter →Human interaction, impacts and ethics
Geography · Unit 4 · Human interaction, impacts and ethics
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Open chapter →National programmes, policies and treaties
Geography · Unit 4 · National programmes, policies and treaties
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 5: Population and Settlement Geography
Geography · Unit 5
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Read note →Demographic transition and population theories
Geography · Unit 5 · Demographic transition and population theories
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Open chapter →Fertility, mortality and migration
Geography · Unit 5 · Fertility, mortality and migration
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Open chapter →Megacities, social segregation and urban poverty
Geography · Unit 5 · Megacities, social segregation and urban poverty
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Open chapter →Population composition and policies
Geography · Unit 5 · Population composition and policies
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Open chapter →Population data, distribution and growth
Geography · Unit 5 · Population data, distribution and growth
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Open chapter →Rural settlements
Geography · Unit 5 · Rural settlements
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Open chapter →Urban systems and land use models
Geography · Unit 5 · Urban systems and land use models
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Open chapter →Urbanisation and theories of towns
Geography · Unit 5 · Urbanisation and theories of towns
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 6: Geography of Economic Activities and Regional Development
Geography · Unit 6
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Read note →Agricultural geography
Geography · Unit 6 · Agricultural geography
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Open chapter →Geography of transport and trade
Geography · Unit 6 · Geography of transport and trade
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Open chapter →Industrial geography
Geography · Unit 6 · Industrial geography
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Open chapter →Regional development
Geography · Unit 6 · Regional development
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Open chapter →Spatial organisation and natural resources
Geography · Unit 6 · Spatial organisation and natural resources
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 7: Cultural, Social and Political Geography
Geography · Unit 7
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Read note →Cultural and social geography
Geography · Unit 7 · Cultural and social geography
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Open chapter →Environment, health and disease ecology
Geography · Unit 7 · Environment, health and disease ecology
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Open chapter →Political geography
Geography · Unit 7 · Political geography
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 8: Geographic Thought
Geography · Unit 8
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Read note →Contemporary trends in Indian geography
Geography · Unit 8 · Contemporary trends in Indian geography
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Open chapter →Contributions of scholars
Geography · Unit 8 · Contributions of scholars
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Open chapter →Perspectives in geography
Geography · Unit 8 · Perspectives in geography
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Open chapter →Traditions and dualisms in geography
Geography · Unit 8 · Traditions and dualisms in geography
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 9: Geographical Techniques
Geography · Unit 9
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Read note →Geographic information and map making
Geography · Unit 9 · Geographic information and map making
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Open chapter →GIS and remote sensing
Geography · Unit 9 · GIS and remote sensing
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Open chapter →GPS
Geography · Unit 9 · GPS
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Open chapter →Morphometric analysis
Geography · Unit 9 · Morphometric analysis
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Open chapter →Quantitative techniques
Geography · Unit 9 · Quantitative techniques
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Open chapter →Geography Unit 10: Geography of India
Geography · Unit 10
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Read note →Agriculture in India
Geography · Unit 10 · Agriculture in India
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Open chapter →Climate and monsoon
Geography · Unit 10 · Climate and monsoon
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Open chapter →Industrial development in India
Geography · Unit 10 · Industrial development in India
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Open chapter →Natural disasters in India
Geography · Unit 10 · Natural disasters in India
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Open chapter →Natural resources
Geography · Unit 10 · Natural resources
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Open chapter →Physiography and drainage
Geography · Unit 10 · Physiography and drainage
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Open chapter →Population of India
Geography · Unit 10 · Population of India
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Open chapter →Regional development planning
Geography · Unit 10 · Regional development planning
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Open chapter →Transport networks and trade
Geography · Unit 10 · Transport networks and trade
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Open chapter →Law Unit 1: Jurisprudence
Law · Unit 1
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Read note →Law, development and justice
Law · Unit 1 · Law, development and justice
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Open chapter →Law, morality, rights and personality
Law · Unit 1 · Law, morality, rights and personality
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Open chapter →Nature, sources and schools of law
Law · Unit 1 · Nature, sources and schools of law
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Open chapter →Property, ownership, possession and liability
Law · Unit 1 · Property, ownership, possession and liability
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Open chapter →Law Unit 2: Constitutional and Administrative Law
Law · Unit 2
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Read note →Administrative law
Law · Unit 2 · Administrative law
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Open chapter →Judiciary, emergency and special provisions
Law · Unit 2 · Judiciary, emergency and special provisions
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Open chapter →Preamble, rights and directive principles
Law · Unit 2 · Preamble, rights and directive principles
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Open chapter →Union and State organs and powers
Law · Unit 2 · Union and State organs and powers
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Open chapter →Law Unit 3: Public International Law and IHL
Law · Unit 3
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Read note →International humanitarian law
Law · Unit 3 · International humanitarian law
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Open chapter →International law: nature, sources, recognition
Law · Unit 3 · International law: nature, sources, recognition
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Open chapter →Nationality, refugees, extradition and asylum
Law · Unit 3 · Nationality, refugees, extradition and asylum
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Open chapter →United Nations, disputes and WTO
Law · Unit 3 · United Nations, disputes and WTO
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Open chapter →Law Unit 4: Law of Crimes
Law · Unit 4
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Read note →Criminal liability and stages of crime
Law · Unit 4 · Criminal liability and stages of crime
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Open chapter →General exceptions and offences against body and state
Law · Unit 4 · General exceptions and offences against body and state
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Open chapter →Offences against property, women and public tranquility
Law · Unit 4 · Offences against property, women and public tranquility
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Open chapter →Punishment and compensation
Law · Unit 4 · Punishment and compensation
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Open chapter →Law Unit 5: Law of Torts and Consumer Protection
Law · Unit 5
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Read note →Consumer, motor vehicles and competition law
Law · Unit 5 · Consumer, motor vehicles and competition law
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Open chapter →Specific torts and remoteness
Law · Unit 5 · Specific torts and remoteness
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Open chapter →Strict, absolute and State liability
Law · Unit 5 · Strict, absolute and State liability
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Open chapter →Tort: nature and general principles
Law · Unit 5 · Tort: nature and general principles
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Open chapter →Law Unit 6: Commercial Law
Law · Unit 6
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Read note →Company law and CSR
Law · Unit 6 · Company law and CSR
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Open chapter →Contract law
Law · Unit 6 · Contract law
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Open chapter →Negotiable Instruments
Law · Unit 6 · Negotiable Instruments
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Open chapter →Sale of goods and partnership
Law · Unit 6 · Sale of goods and partnership
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Open chapter →Law Unit 7: Family Law
Law · Unit 7
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Read note →Maintenance, dower, adoption and guardianship
Law · Unit 7 · Maintenance, dower, adoption and guardianship
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Open chapter →Matrimonial remedies and changing marriage
Law · Unit 7 · Matrimonial remedies and changing marriage
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Open chapter →Sources, schools and marriage
Law · Unit 7 · Sources, schools and marriage
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Open chapter →Succession and Uniform Civil Code
Law · Unit 7 · Succession and Uniform Civil Code
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Open chapter →Law Unit 8: Environment and Human Rights Law
Law · Unit 8
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Read note →EIA, hazardous waste and NGT
Law · Unit 8 · EIA, hazardous waste and NGT
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Open chapter →Environment and pollution
Law · Unit 8 · Environment and pollution
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Open chapter →Environmental law framework
Law · Unit 8 · Environmental law framework
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Open chapter →Human rights: concept and enforcement
Law · Unit 8 · Human rights: concept and enforcement
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Open chapter →Law Unit 9: Intellectual Property Rights and Information Technology Law
Law · Unit 9
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Read note →Copyright and patent law
Law · Unit 9 · Copyright and patent law
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Open chapter →Information technology law and cyber crimes
Law · Unit 9 · Information technology law and cyber crimes
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Open chapter →Intellectual property: concept and conventions
Law · Unit 9 · Intellectual property: concept and conventions
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Open chapter →Trademark, GI and biodiversity
Law · Unit 9 · Trademark, GI and biodiversity
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Open chapter →Law Unit 10: Comparative Public Law and Systems of Governance
Law · Unit 10
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Read note →Comparative law and forms of government
Law · Unit 10 · Comparative law and forms of government
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Open chapter →Federalism and rule of law
Law · Unit 10 · Federalism and rule of law
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Open chapter →Review, amendment, ombudsman and open government
Law · Unit 10 · Review, amendment, ombudsman and open government
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Open chapter →Separation of powers and judiciary
Law · Unit 10 · Separation of powers and judiciary
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 1: Information, Knowledge and Communication
Library and Information Science · Unit 1
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Read note →Communication, information industry and IPR
Library and Information Science · Unit 1 · Communication, information industry and IPR
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Open chapter →Data, information, knowledge, wisdom; information life cycle
Library and Information Science · Unit 1 · Data, information, knowledge, wisdom; information life cycle
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Open chapter →Role of information and information science
Library and Information Science · Unit 1 · Role of information and information science
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Open chapter →RTI, IT Act and national initiatives
Library and Information Science · Unit 1 · RTI, IT Act and national initiatives
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 2: Libraries, Profession and Information Literacy
Library and Information Science · Unit 2
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Read note →History of libraries and library legislation
Library and Information Science · Unit 2 · History of libraries and library legislation
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Open chapter →Laws of library science and the profession
Library and Information Science · Unit 2 · Laws of library science and the profession
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Open chapter →Professional associations and LIS education
Library and Information Science · Unit 2 · Professional associations and LIS education
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Open chapter →Users, extension and information literacy
Library and Information Science · Unit 2 · Users, extension and information literacy
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 3: Information Sources
Library and Information Science · Unit 3
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Read note →Electronic resources and evaluation
Library and Information Science · Unit 3 · Electronic resources and evaluation
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Open chapter →Information sources: nature and types
Library and Information Science · Unit 3 · Information sources: nature and types
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Open chapter →Primary and secondary sources
Library and Information Science · Unit 3 · Primary and secondary sources
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Open chapter →Tertiary and reference sources
Library and Information Science · Unit 3 · Tertiary and reference sources
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 4: Information Services and Networks
Library and Information Science · Unit 4
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Read note →Alerting and mobile-based services
Library and Information Science · Unit 4 · Alerting and mobile-based services
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Open chapter →Community and reference services
Library and Information Science · Unit 4 · Community and reference services
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Open chapter →Information systems, networks and consortia
Library and Information Science · Unit 4 · Information systems, networks and consortia
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Open chapter →Web 2.0/3.0 and collaborative services
Library and Information Science · Unit 4 · Web 2.0/3.0 and collaborative services
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 5: Knowledge Organisation
Library and Information Science · Unit 5
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Read note →Cataloguing and bibliographic standards
Library and Information Science · Unit 5 · Cataloguing and bibliographic standards
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Open chapter →Classification
Library and Information Science · Unit 5 · Classification
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Open chapter →Metadata, indexing and retrieval
Library and Information Science · Unit 5 · Metadata, indexing and retrieval
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Open chapter →Universe of knowledge
Library and Information Science · Unit 5 · Universe of knowledge
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 6: Management of Libraries and Information Centres
Library and Information Science · Unit 6
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Read note →Human resource and financial management
Library and Information Science · Unit 6 · Human resource and financial management
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Open chapter →Library operations and preservation
Library and Information Science · Unit 6 · Library operations and preservation
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Open chapter →Management principles and schools
Library and Information Science · Unit 6 · Management principles and schools
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Open chapter →Project, quality, buildings and knowledge management
Library and Information Science · Unit 6 · Project, quality, buildings and knowledge management
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 7: Information Technology and Communication
Library and Information Science · Unit 7
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Read note →Computer and telecommunication technology
Library and Information Science · Unit 7 · Computer and telecommunication technology
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Open chapter →Hypermedia and security
Library and Information Science · Unit 7 · Hypermedia and security
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Open chapter →Internet and protocols
Library and Information Science · Unit 7 · Internet and protocols
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Open chapter →Wireless communication and networks
Library and Information Science · Unit 7 · Wireless communication and networks
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 8: Library Automation and Digital Libraries
Library and Information Science · Unit 8
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Read note →Content management, AI and semantic web
Library and Information Science · Unit 8 · Content management, AI and semantic web
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Open chapter →Digital initiatives and institutional repositories
Library and Information Science · Unit 8 · Digital initiatives and institutional repositories
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Open chapter →Digital libraries and preservation
Library and Information Science · Unit 8 · Digital libraries and preservation
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Open chapter →Library automation and digitization
Library and Information Science · Unit 8 · Library automation and digitization
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 9: Research in Library and Information Science
Library and Information Science · Unit 9
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Read note →Data analysis and statistical packages
Library and Information Science · Unit 9 · Data analysis and statistical packages
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Open chapter →Report writing and metric studies
Library and Information Science · Unit 9 · Report writing and metric studies
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Open chapter →Research design and data collection
Library and Information Science · Unit 9 · Research design and data collection
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Open chapter →Research: concept, purpose and methods
Library and Information Science · Unit 9 · Research: concept, purpose and methods
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Open chapter →Library and Information Science Unit 10: Library and Information Systems by Sector
Library and Information Science · Unit 10
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Read note →Archives, museums and community systems
Library and Information Science · Unit 10 · Archives, museums and community systems
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Open chapter →Sector library and information systems
Library and Information Science · Unit 10 · Sector library and information systems
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Open chapter →Services for special user groups
Library and Information Science · Unit 10 · Services for special user groups
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 1: Introduction to Journalism and Mass Communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 1
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Read note →Communication traditions and media culture
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 1 · Communication traditions and media culture
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Open chapter →Concept and history of journalism and mass communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 1 · Concept and history of journalism and mass communication
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Open chapter →Media criticism, policies and theories
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 1 · Media criticism, policies and theories
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 2: Communication for Development and Social Change
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 2
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Read note →Corporatisation, civil society and reformers
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 2 · Corporatisation, civil society and reformers
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Open chapter →Development communication: concept and society
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 2 · Development communication: concept and society
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Open chapter →Development, social change and paradigms
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 2 · Development, social change and paradigms
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 3: Reporting and Editing
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 3
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Read note →News and reporting
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 3 · News and reporting
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Open chapter →Profession, ethics and niche reporting
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 3 · Profession, ethics and niche reporting
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Open chapter →Writing, translation and editing
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 3 · Writing, translation and editing
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 4: Advertising and Marketing Communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 4
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Read note →Advertising: concept, ethics and theory
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 4 · Advertising: concept, ethics and theory
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Open chapter →Brand and agency management
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 4 · Brand and agency management
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Open chapter →Creativity, campaigns and research
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 4 · Creativity, campaigns and research
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 5: Public Relations and Corporate Communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 5
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Read note →PR and corporate communication: foundations
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 5 · PR and corporate communication: foundations
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Open chapter →PR ethics and international PR
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 5 · PR ethics and international PR
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Open chapter →PR tools and crisis communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 5 · PR tools and crisis communication
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 6: Media Laws and Ethics
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 6
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Read note →Law, ethics and the Constitution
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 6 · Law, ethics and the Constitution
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Open chapter →Media laws and famous cases
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 6 · Media laws and famous cases
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Open chapter →Media rules, role and human rights
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 6 · Media rules, role and human rights
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Open chapter →Regulation: RTI, copyright, IT, broadcasting
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 6 · Regulation: RTI, copyright, IT, broadcasting
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 7: Media Management and Production
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 7
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Read note →Media economics and industry principles
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 7 · Media economics and industry principles
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Open chapter →Media management and production techniques
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 7 · Media management and production techniques
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 8: ICT and Media
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 8
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Read note →ICT and media: foundations
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 8 · ICT and media: foundations
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Open chapter →ICT in education and animation
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 8 · ICT in education and animation
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Open chapter →Web-enabled and mobile media
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 8 · Web-enabled and mobile media
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 9: Film and Visual Communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 9
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Read note →Film and television theory
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 9 · Film and television theory
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Open chapter →Film language and cinema movements
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 9 · Film language and cinema movements
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Open chapter →Television analysis and visual communication
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 9 · Television analysis and visual communication
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Open chapter →Mass Communication and Journalism Unit 10: Communication Research
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 10
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Read note →Data analysis, reporting and ethics
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 10 · Data analysis, reporting and ethics
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Open chapter →Research areas, measurement and data collection
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 10 · Research areas, measurement and data collection
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Open chapter →Research process and designs
Mass Communication and Journalism · Unit 10 · Research process and designs
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Open chapter →