Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, Hegel

The empiricists made experience the source of all ideas, then Hume showed how far that principle could unsettle causation and the self, until Kant rebuilt knowledge on new foundations and Hegel turned reason into history itself. For example, Locke's primary qualities exist in objects, but Berkeley argues even those exist only as perceived. This chapter follows that chain to absolute idealism.