Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Iqbal, Tagore

Four modern Indian thinkers reworked classical ideas for a new age: Vivekananda made Vedanta practical, Aurobindo saw evolution rising toward supermind, Iqbal centred the creative self, and Tagore placed religion in human fellowship. For example, Vivekananda judged a ritual not by its antiquity but by whether it awakened strength and compassion in the person who performed it. This chapter maps each thinker, their key terms, and the contrasts examiners love to test.