Principles and functions of management

Management is getting work done through people: planning what to do, organising who does it, staffing the roles, directing effort and controlling results. Henri Fayol's fourteen principles — division of work, authority with responsibility, unity of command, unity of direction, span of control and others — remain the vocabulary of the subject. Worked example: if one employee answers to two bosses who give conflicting orders, unity of command is violated, and the result is confusion and delayed work, not better supervision.