Functions, communication, decisions, structure

The five functions of management form a loop: planning sets the goal and the path, organising arranges people and resources, staffing fills the roles, directing (leading) gets people moving, and controlling checks results against the plan and corrects deviations. Worked example: a college planning a fest first fixes the date and budget (planning), forms committees (organising), assigns volunteers (staffing), briefs and motivates them (directing), then tracks spending daily against the budget and cuts one event when costs overshoot (controlling). Planning without controlling is a wish; controlling without planning has nothing to measure.