International HRM and green HRM

International human resource management (IHRM) manages people across borders, where the same HR decision must work in different laws, cultures, currencies and labour markets. The core choice is staffing orientation: ethnocentric (home-country managers run subsidiaries), polycentric (local managers run local units), geocentric (the best person anywhere gets the job) or regiocentric (managers move within a region). Worked example: a firm entering a new country with a polycentric policy hires a local chief who knows the labour law, language and unions — faster and cheaper than sending an expatriate, though it limits the local chief's path to headquarters. Green HRM applies the same systems thinking to the environment: hiring, training, appraisal and rewards that make employees act sustainably.