Interpretation, data analysis and report writing

Data do not interpret themselves. Interpretation connects findings back to the research question and theory, data analysis organises raw material into patterns, and report writing makes the argument checkable by others in a clear and honest report. Each step matters for exam questions on validity and reporting. For example, a table showing higher dropout among girls is only a description; interpretation begins when you ask whether distance, domestic work, school safety, or early marriage best explains the pattern, and what evidence would distinguish them.