Swadeshi, Swaraj and Gandhian movements

The Swadeshi movement of 1905 turned boycott of foreign goods into a programme of national education, indigenous enterprise and mass protest after the partition of Bengal. Gandhi later transformed this inheritance into disciplined mass movements based on satyagraha, non-violent non-cooperation and constructive work. A concrete example is the boycott of foreign cloth, which linked a shopkeeper's shelf to a political demand and gave students, women and workers a visible way to participate. This chapter follows that arc from Swadeshi to Quit India.