Indicators of economic development

If development is broader than income, it needs broader measures. The Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) combined life expectancy, infant mortality and literacy. The Human Development Index (HDI) combines health (life expectancy), education (schooling) and income (GNI per capita) into one number between 0 and 1. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) go further: 17 goals with many targets covering poverty, hunger, health, education, gender, climate and institutions. Worked example: with health index 0.7, education index 0.8 and income index 0.6, the HDI is the geometric mean (0.7 x 0.8 x 0.6)^(1/3) = (0.336)^(1/3) = 0.695.