Human development asks a different question from economic growth: not "how much does a country produce?" but "what can its people actually do and be?" The Human Development Index (HDI), published by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), measures three dimensions: a long and healthy life, access to knowledge, and a decent standard of living.
Worked example: Two countries can have similar incomes and very different HDI scores, because income is only one of three dimensions. A country that spends its income on schools and clinics will score higher on education and health than a country with the same income that does not. That is the whole point of the index: it refuses to let income stand in for development.