Paper 2 · Education · Code 09
UGC NET Education (09)
Education (subject code 09) is the subject paper (Paper 2) for candidates in this subject. It carries 100 questions for 200 marks (+2 per correct answer, no negative marking), attempted together with Paper 1 in the single 180-minute combined session. The syllabus below is the verified official syllabus, organised unit-wise; chapters and practice questions appear as they are published, and nothing is marked complete before it exists.
100 questions
200 marks · +2 per correct · No negative marking · Paper 2 within the 180-min combined session
10 units · 40 topics
Full syllabus below, with topic summaries
40 practice questions · 40 premium chapters
Easy 12 · Medium 25 · Hard 3 — all original practice; verified PYQs live separately in the PYQ Library
Syllabus
Complete syllabus — all units and topics
Topic summaries are the unit study material already published on NETSaathi. Weightage badges are platform estimates from past-question frequency — they are not NTA guarantees.
Unit 1: Educational Studies
शैक्षिक अध्ययन · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Indian schools of philosophy and education — Contribution of Sankhya Yoga, Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism with special reference to Vidya and Dayanand Darshan, and Islamic traditions, towards educational aims and methods of acquiring valid knowledge.High weightage
- Western schools of thought and education — Idealism, Realism, Naturalism, Pragmatism, Marxism, Existentialism and their contribution to education, with special reference to information, knowledge and wisdom.High weightage
- Sociology of education — Approaches: symbolic interaction, structural functionalism, conflict theory; concept and types of social institutions and their functions (family, school, society); social movements and their theories (relative deprivation, resource mobilization, political process, new social movement theory).Medium
- Socialization, thinkers and national values — Socialization and education; education and culture; thinkers Vivekananda, Tagore, Gandhi, Aurobindo, J. Krishnamurti, Paulo Freire, Wollstonecraft, Nel Noddings, Savitribai Phule; national values in the Constitution — socialism, secularism, justice, liberty, democracy, equality, freedom — with special reference to education.Medium
Indian schools of philosophy and education → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Western schools of thought and education → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Sociology of education → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Socialization, thinkers and national values → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Unit 2: History, Politics and Economics of Education
शिक्षा का इतिहास, राजनीति और अर्थशास्त्र · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Committees and commissions — Secondary Education Commission (1953), Kothari Education Commission (1964–66), National Policy on Education (1986, 1992), National Commission on Teachers (1999), National Curriculum Framework 2005, National Knowledge Commission (2007), Yashpal Committee Report (2009), National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009), Justice Verma Committee Report (2012).High weightage
- Educational policy and its process — Relationship between policies and education; linkage between educational policy and national development; determinants of educational policy; policy formulation: analysis of the existing situation, generation and evaluation of options, decision, implementation planning, impact assessment and subsequent policy cycles.Medium
- Economics of education — Cost-benefit analysis vs cost-effective analysis in education; economic returns to higher education; signalling theory vs human capital theory; educational finance at micro and macro levels; budgeting.Medium
- Politics of education — Relationship between politics and education; liberal, conservative and critical perspectives; behaviouralism, systems analysis and rational choice approaches; education for political development and political socialization.Medium
Committees and commissions → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Educational policy and its process → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Economics of education → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Politics of education → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 3: Learner and Learning Process
शिक्षार्थी और अधिगम प्रक्रिया · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Growth, development and personality — Growth and development: concept and principles, cognitive processes and stages of cognitive development; personality: definitions and theories (Freud, Carl Rogers, Gordon Allport, Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka); mental health and mental hygiene.High weightage
- Intelligence, problem solving and creativity — Intelligence from unitary to multiple: social, multiple and emotional intelligence; theories of Sternberg and Gardner; assessment of intelligence; problem solving, critical thinking, metacognition and creativity.High weightage
- Principles and theories of learning — Behaviouristic, cognitive and social theories of learning; factors affecting social learning, social competence, social cognition, social relationships and socialization goals.High weightage
- Guidance and counselling — Nature, principles and need of guidance; types (educational, vocational, personal, health, social; directive, non-directive, eclectic); counselling approaches: cognitive-behavioural (Albert Ellis, REBT) and humanistic person-centred (Carl Rogers); theories of counselling (behaviouristic, rational, emotive, reality).Medium
Growth, development and personality → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Intelligence, problem solving and creativity → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Principles and theories of learning → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Guidance and counselling → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 4: Teacher Education
शिक्षक शिक्षा · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Meaning, programmes and curriculum — Meaning, nature and scope of teacher education; types of teacher education programmes; structure of the teacher education curriculum and its vision in NCERT and NCTE curriculum documents at elementary, secondary and higher secondary levels; transactional approaches: expository, collaborative, experiential learning.High weightage
- Knowledge base and models of teacher education — Knowledge base of teacher education from Schulman, Deng and Luke, and Habermas; reflective teaching and strategies to promote it; models: behaviouristic, competency-based, inquiry-oriented.Medium
- In-service teacher education — Concept, need, purpose and scope; organization and modes; agencies at district, state and national levels (SSA, RMSA, SCERT, NCERT, NCTE, UGC); planning considerations: purpose, duration, resources, budget.Medium
- Teaching as a profession — Concept of profession and professionalism; teaching as a profession; professional ethics of teachers; personal and contextual factors affecting teacher development; ICT integration; quality enhancement for professionalization; innovation in teacher education.Medium
Meaning, programmes and curriculum → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Knowledge base and models of teacher education → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
In-service teacher education → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Teaching as a profession → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 5: Curriculum Studies
पाठ्यचर्या अध्ययन · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Concept, principles and foundations of curriculum — Concept and principles of curriculum; strategies and stages of curriculum development; foundations of curriculum planning: philosophical (national, democratic), sociological (socio-cultural reconstruction), psychological (learner needs and interests); benchmarking; role of UGC, NCTE and universities in curriculum development.High weightage
- Models of curriculum design — Traditional and contemporary models: academic/discipline-based, competency-based, social functions/activities (social reconstruction), individual needs and interests, outcome-based integrative, intervention, and CIPP (context, input, process, product).High weightage
- Instructional system and curriculum evaluation — Instructional system, media, techniques and material in curriculum transaction; approaches to curriculum evaluation (academic and competency-based); evaluation models: Tyler, Stakes, Scriven, Kirkpatrick.Medium
- Curriculum change and research — Meaning and types of curriculum change, factors affecting change, approaches to change, roles of students, teachers and administrators in change and improvement, scope and types of research in curriculum studies.Medium
Concept, principles and foundations of curriculum → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Models of curriculum design → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Instructional system and curriculum evaluation → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Curriculum change and research → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 6: Research in Education
शिक्षा में शोध · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Scientific method and types of research — Meaning and scope of educational research; scientific method and its characteristics (replicability, precision, falsifiability, parsimony); types of scientific method (exploratory, explanatory, descriptive); aims: problem-solving, theory building, prediction; types: fundamental, applied, action; approaches: quantitative and qualitative; designs: descriptive, experimental, historical.High weightage
- Variables, hypotheses, sampling and tools — Concepts, constructs and variables (independent, dependent, extraneous, intervening, moderator); hypotheses: concept, sources, types (research, directional, non-directional, null), formulation, characteristics of a good hypothesis; research proposal steps; universe and sample, characteristics of a good sample, probability and non-probability sampling; tools: validity, reliability, standardisation; rating scale, attitude scale, questionnaire, aptitude and achievement tests, inventory; observation, interview, projective techniques.High weightage
- Measurement and quantitative data analysis — Scales: nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio; descriptive analysis (central tendency, variability, fiduciary limits, graphical presentation); hypothesis testing (type I and II errors), significance levels, power and effect size; parametric and non-parametric techniques and their conditions; correlation, t-test, z-test, ANOVA, chi-square; qualitative analysis: data reduction, classification, analytical induction, constant comparison, triangulation.High weightage
- Qualitative and mixed-method designs — Grounded theory designs; narrative research designs; case study designs; ethnography; mixed-method designs (triangulation, explanatory, exploratory), with steps, strengths and weaknesses of each.Medium
Scientific method and types of research → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Variables, hypotheses, sampling and tools → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Measurement and quantitative data analysis → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Qualitative and mixed-method designs → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 7: Pedagogy, Andragogy and Assessment
शिक्षणशास्त्र, प्रौढ़ शिक्षण और मूल्यांकन · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Pedagogy and levels of teaching — Pedagogy and pedagogical analysis: concept and stages; critical pedagogy: meaning, need and implications in teacher education; organizing teaching: memory level (Herbartian model), understanding level (Morrison model), reflective level (Bigge and Hunt model).High weightage
- Andragogy — Concept of andragogy in education: meaning, principles, competencies of self-directed learning, theory of andragogy (Malcolm Knowles), dynamic model of learner autonomy.Medium
- Assessment: meaning, types and domains — Assessment: meaning, nature, perspectives (assessment for learning, assessment of learning); types: placement, formative, diagnostic, summative; relations between objectives and outcomes; cognitive (Anderson and Krathwohl), affective (Krathwohl) and psychomotor (R. H. Dave) domains.High weightage
- Feedback, interaction analysis and teacher evaluation — Feedback devices: meaning, types, criteria; guidance as feedback; portfolios, reflective journals, field engagement using rubrics, competency-based evaluation, assessment of teacher-prepared ICT resources; interaction analysis: Flanders’ system and Galloway’s system; criteria for teacher evaluation (product, process, presage); rubrics for self and peer evaluation.Medium
Pedagogy and levels of teaching → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Andragogy → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Assessment: meaning, types and domains → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Feedback, interaction analysis and teacher evaluation → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 8: Technology in/for Education
शिक्षा में/के लिए प्रौद्योगिकी · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Educational technology: foundations — Educational technology as a discipline: information technology, communication technology, ICT and instructional technology; applications in formal, non-formal (open and distance learning), informal and inclusive systems; behaviourist, cognitive and constructivist theories and their implications for instructional design (Skinner, Piaget, Ausubel, Bruner, Vygotsky); learning theories and instructional strategies for large/small and formal/non-formal groups.High weightage
- Instructional design models — Systems approach to instructional design; models: ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey, Mason; Gagne’s nine events of instruction; five E’s of constructivism; nine elements of constructivist instructional design; computers in education: CAI, CAL, CBT, CML; preparing ODLM; e-learning: concept and approaches (offline, online, synchronous, asynchronous, blended, mobile learning).High weightage
- Emerging trends in e-learning — Social learning: web 2.0 tools, social networking, blogs, chats, video conferencing, discussion forums; open educational resources, creative commons, MOOCs; e-inclusion and assistive technology; quality of e-learning: information, system, service, user satisfaction and net benefits (D&M IS Success Model, 2003); ethical issues for e-learner and e-teacher.Medium
- ICT in evaluation, administration and research — Use of ICT in evaluation, administration and research: e-portfolios, ICT for research, online repositories and libraries, online and offline assessment tools (online survey tools, test generators): concept and development.Medium
Educational technology: foundations → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Instructional design models → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Emerging trends in e-learning → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
ICT in evaluation, administration and research → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 9: Educational Management, Administration and Leadership
शैक्षिक प्रबंधन, प्रशासन और नेतृत्व · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Management and administration — Educational management and administration: meaning, principles, functions and importance; institution building; POSDCORB, CPM, PERT; management as a system; SWOT analysis; Taylorism; administration as a process and as a bureaucracy; human relations approach; organisational compliance, development and climate.High weightage
- Leadership in educational administration — Meaning and nature of leadership; approaches: trait, transformational, transactional, value-based, cultural, psychodynamic, charismatic; models: Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid, Fiedler’s contingency model, tri-dimensional model, Hersey and Blanchard’s model, leader-member exchange theory.High weightage
- Quality in education — Quality and quality in education: Indian and international perspectives; evolution: inspection, quality control, quality assurance, total quality management (TQM), six sigma; quality gurus: Walter Shewhart, Edward Deming, C. K. Prahalad.Medium
- Change management and quality assurance — Planned change: three-step model (unfreezing, moving, refreezing); Japanese models: just-in-time, poka yoke; cost of quality: appraisal, failure and preventable costs; cost-benefit and cost-effective analysis; quality assurance agencies: NAAC, Quality Council of India (QCI), INQAAHE — objectives, functions, roles and initiatives.Medium
Management and administration → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Leadership in educational administration → premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min
Quality in education → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Change management and quality assurance → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Unit 10: Inclusive Education
समावेशी शिक्षा · 4 bank questions · 4 premium chapters- Inclusive education: concept and legal provisions — Concept, principles, scope and target groups (diverse learners, marginalized groups, learners with disabilities); evolution: special, integrated, inclusive education; legal provisions and policies: National Policy on Education (1986), Programme of Action (1992), Persons with Disabilities Act (1995), National Policy on Disabilities (2006), National Curriculum Framework (2005), Rehabilitation Council of India Act (1992), inclusive education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), UNCRPD and its implications; concessions and facilities to diverse learners (academic and financial).High weightage
- Impairment, disability and identification — Impairment, disability and handicap; classification based on the ICF model; readiness of school and models of inclusion; prevalence, types, characteristics and educational needs of diverse learners (intellectual, physical, multiple disabilities); causes and prevention; identification of diverse learners for inclusion; educational evaluation methods, techniques and tools.Medium
- Planning and management of inclusive classrooms — Infrastructure, human resource and instructional practices; curriculum and curricular adaptations for diverse learners; assistive and adaptive technology: products (aids and appliances) and processes (individualized education plan, remedial teaching); parent-professional partnership: roles of parents, peers, professionals, teachers and school.Medium
- Barriers, ethics and research in inclusive education — Barriers and facilitators: attitude, social and educational; current status and ethical issues of inclusive education in India; research trends of inclusive education in India.Medium
Inclusive education: concept and legal provisions → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Impairment, disability and identification → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Planning and management of inclusive classrooms → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Barriers, ethics and research in inclusive education → premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min
Study material
Free sample material
Indian schools of philosophy and education
Premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min · Unit 1
Read free previewWestern schools of thought and education
Premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min · Unit 1
Read free previewSocialization, thinkers and national values
Premium chapter · free preview · ~12 min · Unit 1
Read free previewEducational policy and its process
Premium chapter · free preview · ~11 min · Unit 2
Read free previewPremium detailed material — preview
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Sample MCQs from the real bank
These are original practice questions with original explanations — not official NTA questions. The full bank for this subject holds 40 questions.
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Unit-wise tests
Unit 9: Educational Management, Administration and Leadership
4 bank questions · 5 min
Start unit testFull mock — not published yet
A 100-question full mock needs a much larger bank than the 40 questions published for this subject today, so no full mock is linked here. Unit tests above are available wherever bank questions exist. The combined 150-question mock covers Paper 1 + CS only.
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Previous year questions
PYQ section
Verified official PYQs — see the live count
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Open PYQ pageStrategy
Preparation strategy for this subject
- Start with the high-weightage topics — Indian schools of philosophy and education, Western schools of thought and education, Committees and commissions, Growth, development and personality, Intelligence, problem solving and creativity — and finish their chapter previews first.
- Read one unit, then test it the same day: each unit page ends with its own unit test, so gaps show up while the material is fresh.
- Use the unit-wise result report: after every test, revise the units where accuracy is lowest before starting a new unit.
- Attempt every question in mocks: there is no negative marking, so an unattempted question is a guaranteed zero.
- Finish with unit tests: take every available unit test under timed conditions; full mocks for this subject arrive once the bank is large enough for a 100-question paper.
Revision
Important topics & revision resources
Important topics (high weightage)
- Unit 1: Indian schools of philosophy and education
- Unit 1: Western schools of thought and education
- Unit 2: Committees and commissions
- Unit 3: Growth, development and personality
- Unit 3: Intelligence, problem solving and creativity
- Unit 3: Principles and theories of learning
- Unit 4: Meaning, programmes and curriculum
- Unit 5: Concept, principles and foundations of curriculum
- Unit 5: Models of curriculum design
- Unit 6: Scientific method and types of research
- Unit 6: Variables, hypotheses, sampling and tools
- Unit 6: Measurement and quantitative data analysis
- Unit 7: Pedagogy and levels of teaching
- Unit 7: Assessment: meaning, types and domains
- Unit 8: Educational technology: foundations
- Unit 8: Instructional design models
- Unit 9: Management and administration
- Unit 9: Leadership in educational administration
- Unit 10: Inclusive education: concept and legal provisions
Revision resources
- Premium chapters (40) → free previews; full chapters unlock with Premium.
- Study planner → plan revision around the exam countdown.